Overview of Fundamental Rights (Articles 14–35)
Fundamental Rights are the basic human rights guaranteed to all citizens by the Indian Constitution. They are enshrined in Part III (Articles 14-35) and are enforceable by courts. The six categories are: Right to Equality (14-18), Right to Freedom (19-22), Right against Exploitation (23-24), Right to Freedom of Religion (25-28), Cultural and Educational Rights (29-30), and Right to Constitutional Remedies (32). Originally, the Right to Property (Article 31) was also a fundamental right but was removed by the 44th Amendment in 1978.
Fundamental Rights are the bedrock of Indian democracy. They ensure that the state cannot infringe upon the basic dignity and freedoms of individuals. These rights are not absolute — they can be reasonably restricted in the interest of public order, morality, national security, and the rights of others. However, any restriction must be reasonable and can be challenged in court. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar called Article 32 (Right to Constitutional Remedies) the 'heart and soul of the Constitution' because it makes all other fundamental rights enforceable.