Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)
It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals; to cherish and follow the noble ideals of the freedom struggle; to uphold the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; to defend the country; to promote harmony and brotherhood; to preserve rich heritage; to protect the environment; to develop scientific temper; to safeguard public property; and to strive towards excellence.
Article 51A lists eleven fundamental duties of Indian citizens. Added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976, these duties serve as a reminder that rights come with responsibilities. While not directly enforceable by courts, they are fundamental to the spirit of citizenship. The duties include respecting the Constitution, promoting harmony, protecting the environment, and developing scientific temper.
Landmark Supreme Court Cases
Rangarajan v. P. Jagjivan Ram
1989The court emphasized that fundamental duties must be considered when interpreting fundamental rights.
Impact: Established that fundamental duties can be used as an aid to interpret fundamental rights.